Literature References | 1. WIBORG, O., PEDERSEN. M.S., WIND, A., BERGLUND, L.E., MARCKER, K.A. AND
VUUST, J.
The human ubiquitin multigene family - Some sequences contain multiple
directly repeated ubiquitin coding sequences.
EMBO J. 4(3) 755-759 (1985).
2. SWINDLE, J., AJIOKA, J., EISEN, H., SANWAL, B., JACQUEMOT, C., BROWDER,
Z. AND BUCK, G.
The genomic organization and transcription of the ubiquitin genes of
Trypanosoma cruzi.
EMBO J. 7(4) 1121-1127 (1988).
3. GRAHAM, R.W., JONES, D. AND CANDIDO, E.P.M.
UbiA, the major polyubiquitin locus in Caenorhabditis elegans, has unusual
structural features and is constitutively expressed.
MOL.CELL.BIOL. 9(1) 268-277 (1989).
4. VIJAY-KUMAR, S., BUGG, C.E., WILKINSON, K.D., VIERSTRA, R.D., HATFIELD,
P.M. AND COOK, W.J.
Comparison of the 3-dimensional structures of human, yeast, and oat
ubiquitin.
J.BIOL.CHEM. 262(13) 6396-6399 (1987).
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Documentation | Ubiquitin, a small 76-residue protein present in all eukaryotic cells [1],
is highly conserved in nature, species as diverse as humans and insects
having identical sequences [1]. Ubiquitin is required for ATP-dependent
non-lysosomal intracellular protein degradation [1], sensitizing proteins
to attack by intracellular proteases [2]. The reaction involves covalent
bonding of ubiquitin to the protein to be degraded or `labelled', the bond
forming between the C-terminal Gly of ubiquitin (which extends from the
globular body of the peptide) and Lys side-chains of the target protein
[1]. Proteins degraded in such a manner include most defective intra-
cellular proteins and normal proteins with a rapid turnover rate.
The most abundant form of ubiquitin is the histone 2A (H2A)-ubiquitin
conjugate found in the nucleus. The conjugate is usually found in actively
transcribed chromosomal regions, suggesting a possible role in either DNA
repair or gene expression [1,3]. All organisms possess a poly-ubiquitin
gene, with various numbers of tandem repeats (ranging from 3 in
Dictyostelium discoideum to 15 in Drosophila melanogaster): the polyprotein
is proteolytically cleaved to produce free ubiquitin [3]. Although mostly
present in the cytoplasm, the protein has also been found on the cell
surface, associated with various receptors, such as lymphocyte homing
receptor and platelet derived growth factor receptor [4].
UBIQUITIN is a 3-element fingerprint that provides a signature for ubiquitin
and ubiquitin-like proteins. The fingerprint was derived from an initial
alignment of 10 sequences: the motifs span virtually the full alignment
length, motif 3 including most of the region encoded by PROSITE pattern
UBIQUITIN (PS00299), which contains the conserved C-terminal heptapeptide.
Two iterations on OWL22.1 were required to reach convergence, at which
point a true set comprising 105 sequences was identified. Five partial
matches were also found, all of which are ubiquitin-like proteins.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 101 sequences, and 16
partial matches.
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Sequence Titles | NED8_HUMAN UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN NEDD8 - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). NED8_MOUSE UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN NEDD8 - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). O00945 UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA VORAX. O04829 UBIQUITIN EXTENSION PROTEIN - SOLANUM TUBEROSUM (POTATO). O13256 (2'-5')OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE (EC 2.7.7.-) ((2-5')OLIGO(A) SYNTHETASE) (2-5A SYNTHETASE) (2',5'-OLIGO ADENYLATE SYNTHETASE B) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). O13697 UBIQUITIN - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O14257 UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN C6G10.11C - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O14399 UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O15205 DIUBIQUITIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). O24122 UBIQUITIN - NICOTIANA PLUMBAGINIFOLIA (LEADWORT-LEAVED TOBACCO). O35079 POLYUBIQUITIN - CRICETULUS GRISEUS (CHINESE HAMSTER). O35080 POLYUBIQUITIN - CRICETULUS GRISEUS (CHINESE HAMSTER). O42388 UBIQUITIN-RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN FUSION PROTEIN - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). O44819 F52C6.4 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. O46314 POLYUBIQUITIN - AMOEBA PROTEUS (AMOEBA). O46543 POLYUBIQUITIN - OVIS ARIES (SHEEP). O49905 POLYUBIQUITIN - NICOTIANA TABACUM (COMMON TOBACCO). O49906 UBIQUITIN EXTENSION PROTEIN - NICOTIANA TABACUM (COMMON TOBACCO). O49907 POLYUBIQUITIN - NICOTIANA TABACUM (COMMON TOBACCO). O59962 UBIQUITIN FUSION PROTEIN - MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA (RICE BLAST FUNGUS). O59963 UBIQUITIN FUSION PROTEIN - MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA (RICE BLAST FUNGUS). O59964 POLY-UBIQUITIN - MAGNAPORTHE GRISEA (RICE BLAST FUNGUS). O60010 POLYUBIQUITIN - BOTRYTIS CINEREA (BOTRYOTINIA FUCKELIANA). O60036 UBIQUITIN FUSION PROTEIN - CANDIDA ALBICANS (YEAST). O65332 POLYUBIQUITIN - ELAEAGNUS UMBELLATA. O65381 F12F1.15 PROTEIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). O74216 MONOUBIQUITIN/CARBOXY EXTENSION PROTEIN FUSION - BOTRYTIS CINEREA (BOTRYOTINIA FUCKELIANA). O74274 POLYUBIQUITIN - CANDIDA ALBICANS (YEAST). O74295 POLYUBIQUITIN - GIBBERELLA PULICARIS. O74819 UBI4 - UBIQUITIN FAMILY PROTEIN - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O80715 UBIQUITIN EXTENSION PROTEIN (UBQ6) - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). P90616 POLYUBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA. P93135 POLYUBIQUITIN - FRAGARIA ANANASSA (STRAWBERRY). P93379 UBIQUITIN - NICOTIANA TABACUM (COMMON TOBACCO). P93501 UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN - PHASEOLUS VULGARIS (KIDNEY BEAN) (FRENCH BEAN). Q00811 POLYUBIQUITIN - CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS (FILOBASIDIELLA NEOFORMANS). Q01867 UBIQUITIN - PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM. Q17000 POLYUBIQUITIN - ARTEMIA SANFRANCISCANA (BRINE SHRIMP) (ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA). Q17001 UBIQUITIN UNIT IV - ARTEMIA SANFRANCISCANA (BRINE SHRIMP) (ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA). Q17033 POLYUBIQUITIN - ANOPHELES GAMBIAE (AFRICAN MALARIA MOSQUITO). Q24903 UBIQUITIN - ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS. Q25400 UBIQUITIN C-TERMINAL EXTENSION PROTEIN UBICEP86 - LITOMOSOIDES SIGMODONTIS. Q25422 UBIQUITIN-FUSION PROTEIN - LEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE (SAUROLEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE). Q25426 UBIQUITIN - LEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE (SAUROLEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE). Q27191 UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. Q27192 UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. Q27194 UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. Q27195 UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. Q27196 UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. Q27935 UBIQUITIN - ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. Q38875 POLYUBIQUITIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). Q39256 POLYUBIQUITIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). Q39257 POLYUBIQUITIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS), AND PISUM SATIVUM (GARDEN PEA). Q39926 POLYUBIQUITIN - GRACILARIA VERRUCOSA. Q40164 UBIQUITIN - LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM (TOMATO). Q40596 PENTAMERIC POLYUBIQUITIN - NICOTIANA TABACUM (COMMON TOBACCO). Q40641 POLYUBIQUITIN - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE). Q41067 POLYUBIQUITIN - PINUS SYLVESTRIS (SCOTS PINE). Q41411 POLYUBIQUITIN - SACCHARUM HYBRID (SUGARCANE). Q41570 UBIQUITIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT). Q41646 POLYUBIQUITIN - VOLVOX CARTERI. Q41751 POLYUBIQUITIN - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE). Q41752 UBIQUITIN - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE). Q41753 UBIQUITIN FUSION PROTEIN - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE). Q41754 UBIQUITIN - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE). Q42397 HEXAUBIQUITIN PROTEIN - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER). Q42415 POLYUBIQUITIN - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE). Q60507 POLYUBIQUITIN - CRICETULUS GRISEUS (CHINESE HAMSTER). Q62317 UBIQUITIN C (TI-225) (UBIQUITIN C) (POLYUBIQUITIN) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). Q63429 POLYUBIQUITIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q63446 POLYUBIQUITIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q65815 POLYPROTEIN - MUCOSAL DISEASE VIRUS. Q90195 VIRAL UBIQUITIN PROTEIN - SPODOPTERA EXIGUA NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS. Q91889 UBIQUITIN-LIKE FUSION PROTEIN - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG). Q91890 UBIQUITIN-LIKE FUSION PROTEIN - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG). Q92332 POLYUBIQUITIN - SCHIZOPHYLLUM COMMUNE (BRACKET FUNGUS). Q93116 UB52 - ACROPORA MILLEPORA. Q93725 F45H11.2 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q95260 UBIQUITIN/RIBOSOMAL FUSION PROTEIN - SUS SCROFA (PIG). UBIL_NPVAC UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN - AUTOGRAPHA CALIFORNICA NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (ACMNPV). UBIL_NPVOP UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN - ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA MULTICAPSID POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS (OPMNPV). UBIQ_ACACA UBIQUITIN - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). UBIQ_ACECL UBIQUITIN - ACETABULARIA CLIFTONII. UBIQ_AGLNE UBIQUITIN - AGLAOTHAMNION NEGLECTUM. UBIQ_CAEEL UBIQUITIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS, AND GEODIA CYDONIUM (SPONGE). UBIQ_CHLRE UBIQUITIN - CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII. UBIQ_COPCO UBIQUITIN - COPRINUS CONGREGATUS (INKY CAP FUNGUS). UBIQ_DICDI UBIQUITIN - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). UBIQ_EIMBO UBIQUITIN - EIMERIA BOVIS. UBIQ_EUPEU UBIQUITIN - EUPLOTES EURYSTOMUS. UBIQ_HUMAN UBIQUITIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN), BOS TAURUS (BOVINE), SUS SCROFA (PIG), CAVIA PORCELLUS (GUINEA PIG), CRICETULUS GRISEUS (CHINESE HAMSTER), CRICETULUS LONGICAUDATUS (LONG-TAILED HAMSTER) (CHINESE HAMSTER), RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT), MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE), ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT), GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN), XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG), DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY), CERATITIS CAPITATA (MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY), SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (FALL ARMYWORM), AND MANDUCA SEXTA (TOBACCO HAWKMOTH) (TOBACCO HORNWORM). UBIQ_LEIMA UBIQUITIN - LEISHMANIA MAJOR. UBIQ_LEITA UBIQUITIN - LEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE (SAUROLEISHMANIA TARENTOLAE). UBIQ_NEUCR UBIQUITIN - NEUROSPORA CRASSA. UBIQ_PHYIN UBIQUITIN - PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS (POTATO LATE BLIGHT FUNGUS). UBIQ_SOYBN UBIQUITIN - GLYCINE MAX (SOYBEAN), PISUM SATIVUM (GARDEN PEA), AVENA SATIVA (OAT), AVENA FATUA, HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY), TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT), ZEA MAYS (MAIZE), HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER), ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS), LUPINUS ALBUS (WHITE LUPINE), LUPINUS POLYPHYLLUS (LARGE-LEAVED LUPINE), LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM (TOMATO), SOLANUM TUBEROSUM (POTATO), LINUM USITATISSIMUM (FLAX) (LINSEED), NICOTIANA SYLVESTRIS (WOOD TOBACCO), ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS (GARDEN ASPARAGUS), ORYZA SATIVA (RICE), PETROSELINUM CRISPUM (PARSLEY) (PETROSELINUM HORTENSE), AND BRASSICA RAPA (TURNIP). UBIQ_STRPU UBIQUITIN - STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS (PURPLE SEA URCHIN). UBIQ_TETPY UBIQUITIN - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS. UBIQ_TRYBB UBIQUITIN - TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI. UBIQ_TRYCR UBIQUITIN - TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. UBIQ_YEAST UBIQUITIN - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST), CANDIDA ALBICANS (YEAST), AND CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS (FILOBASIDIELLA NEOFORMANS). DSK2_YEAST UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN DSK2 - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). O11993 CYTOPATHIC GENOMIC RNA, COMPLETE GENOME - MUCOSAL DISEASE VIRUS. O44820 F52C6.3 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. O64736 T27E13.16 PROTEIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). P91057 SIMILARITY TO UBIQUITIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q03919 HYPOTHETICAL 8.7 KD PROTEIN - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). UBIL_CAEBR UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN UBL - CAENORHABDITIS BRIGGSAE. UBIL_CAEEL UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN UBL - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. UBIL_HUMAN UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN GDX - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). UBIL_MOUSE UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN GDX - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). UBIM_CRIGR UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN FUBI (ARSENITE-RESISTANCE PROTEIN) - CRICETULUS GRISEUS (CHINESE HAMSTER). UBIM_PIG UBIQUITIN-LIKE/S30 RIBOSOMAL FUSION PROTEIN - SUS SCROFA (PIG). UBIM_RAT UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN FUBI - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). UCRP_HUMAN UBIQUITIN CROSS-REACTIVE PROTEIN (INTERFERON-INDUCED 17 KD PROTEIN) [CONTAINS: INTERFERON-INDUCED 15 KD PROTEIN] - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). UCRP_MOUSE UBIQUITIN CROSS-REACTIVE PROTEIN (INTERFERON-STIMULATED PROTEIN 15) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). YAUG_SCHPO HYPOTHETICAL 36.8 KD PROTEIN C26A3.16 IN CHROMOSOME I - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST).
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