| Literature References | 1. ARMITAGE, R.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members and their ligands.
CURR.OPIN.IMMUNOL. 6 407-413 (1994).
2. BANNER D., D'ARCY, A., JAMES, W., GENTZ, R., SCHOENFELD, H., BROGER, C.,
LOETSCHER, H. AND LESSLAUER, W.
Crystal structure of the soluble human 55 kD TNF receptor-human TNF-beta
complex: implications for TNF receptor activation.
CELL 73 431-445 (1993).
3. WU, H.
Assembly of post-receptor signaling complexes for the tumor necrosis factor
receptor superfamily.
ADV.PROTEIN CHEM. 68 225-279 (2004).
4. LOCKSLEY, R., KILLEEN, N. AND LENARDO, M.
The TNF and TNF Receptor Superfamilies: Integrating Mammalian Biology.
CELL 104 487-501 (2001).
5. GRAVESTEIN, L. AND BORST, J.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor family members in the immune system.
SEMIN.IMMUNOL. 10 423-434 (1998).
6. LOENEN, W.
D27 and (TNFR) relatives in the immune system: their role in health and
disease.
SEMIN.IMMUNOL. 10 417-422 (1998).
7. CRAGNOLINI, A. AND FRIEDMAN, W.
The function of p75NTR in glia.
TRENDS NEUROSCI. 31 99-104 (2008).
8. NASSENSTEIN, C., KAMMERTOENS, T., VERES, T., UCKERT, W., SPIES, E.,
FUCHS, B., KRUG, N. AND BRAUN, A.
Neuroimmune crosstalk in asthma: dual role of the neurotrophin receptor
p75NTR.
J.ALLERGY CLIN.IMMUNOL. 120 1089-1096 (2007).
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| Documentation | The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR) superfamily comprises more
than 20 type-I transmembrane proteins. Family members are defined based on
similarity in their extracellular domain - a region that contains many
cysteine residues arranged in a specific repetitive pattern [1]. The
cysteines allow formation of an extended rod-like structure, responsible for
ligand binding [2].
Upon receptor activation, different intracellular signalling complexes are
assembled for different members of the TNFR superfamily, depending on their
intracellular domains and sequences [3]. Activation of TNFRs can therefore
induce a range of disparate effects, including cell proliferation,
differentiation, survival, or apoptotic cell death, depending upon the
receptor involved [4,5].
TNFRs are widely distributed and play important roles in many crucial
biological processes, such as lymphoid and neuronal development, innate and
adaptive immunity, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis [3]. Drugs that
manipulate their signalling have potential roles in the prevention and
treatment of many diseases, such as viral infections, coronary heart
disease, transplant rejection, and immune disease [6].
TNF receptor 16 (also known as nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and
p75NTR)) acts as a low affinity receptor for neurotrophins. The receptor
mediates a variety of contradictory cellular functions, including cell
survival or apoptosis, promotion or inhibition of axonal growth, and
facilitation or attenuation of proliferation, depending on the cellular
context [7]. The receptor may also play a role in inflammation, and has been
implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma [8].
TNFACTORR16 is a 4-element fingerprint that provides a signature for tumour
necrosis factor receptor 16. The fingerprint was derived from an initial
alignment of 6 sequences: the motifs were drawn from conserved regions in
the N-terminal half of the alignment, focusing on those sections that
characterise TNF receptor 16 but distinguish it from other TNF receptor
subtypes - all motifs lie in the extracellular N-terminal region. Two
iterations on SPTR57_40f were required to reach convergence, at which point
a true set comprising 17 sequences was identified. Two partial matches were
also found, B6MU31_BRAFL and B4E096_HUMAN, which are lancelet and human
translated sequences that fail to match motif 4, and motifs 1 and 2,
respectively.
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| Sequence Titles | A5PJV7_BOVIN NGFR protein - Bos taurus (Bovine).
A9UGK7_CHICK Low affinity neurotrophin p75 receptor - Gallus gallus (Chicken).
B2R961_HUMAN cDNA, FLJ94232, Homo sapiens nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member16) (NGFR), mRNA (Nerve growth factor receptor) (TNFR superfamily, member 16) - Homo sapiens (Human).
Q32NM5_XENLA LOC432338 protein - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
Q4KLX7_XENLA LOC398134 protein - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
Q4RG40_TETNG Chromosome 2 SCAF15106, whole genome shotgun sequence - Tetraodon nigroviridis (Green puffer).
Q66JK7_XENTR Ngfr protein - Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (Silurana tropicalis).
Q68Y16_XENLA Neurotrophin receptor-related protein 1b - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
Q6JA22_XENLA NRH - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
Q8BYY1_MOUSE Putative uncharacterized protein - Mus musculus (Mouse).
Q8CFT3_MOUSE Nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16) - Mus musculus (Mouse).
Q9PRG7_XENLA P75 neurotrophin receptor a-2 (p75 neurotrophin receptor a-1) - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
Q9PVD4_XENLA P75-like transmembrane protein fullback (Neurotrophin receptor-related protein 1a) - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
TNR16_CHICK Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 - Gallus gallus (Chicken).
TNR16_HUMAN Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 - Homo sapiens (Human).
TNR16_MOUSE Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 - Mus musculus (Mouse).
TNR16_RAT Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 - Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
B6MU31_BRAFL Putative uncharacterized protein - Branchiostoma floridae (Florida lancelet) (Amphioxus).
B4E096_HUMAN cDNA FLJ51424, highly similar to Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamilymember 16 - Homo sapiens (Human).
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