| Literature References | 1. HOFER, M., PAGLIUSI, S.R., HOHN, A., LEIBROCK, J. AND BARDE, Y.A.
Regional distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor messenger RNA in
the adult mouse brain.
EMBO J. 9(8) 2459-2464 (1990).
2. KOYAMA, J.I., INOUE, S., IKEDA, K. AND HAYASHI, K.
Purification and amino acid sequence of a nerve growth factor from the
venom of Vipera russelli russelli.
BIOCHIM.BIOPHYS.ACTA 1160 287-292 (1992).
3. INOUE, S., ODA, T., KOYAMA, J., IKEDA, K. AND HAYASHI, K.
Amino acid sequences of nerve growth factors derived from cobra venoms.
FEBS LETT. 279(1) 38-40 (1991).
4. WLODAWER, A., HODGSON, K. AND SHOOTER, E.
Crystallization of nerve growth factor from mouse submaxillary glands.
PROC.NATL.ACAD.SCI.U.S.A. 72 777-779 (1975).
5. WIESMANN, C. AND DE VOS, A.
Nerve growth factor: structure and function.
CELL.MOL.LIFE SCI. 58 748-759 (2001).
6. KURUVILLA, R., ZWEIFEL, L., GLEBOVA, N., LONZE, B., VALDEZ, G., YE, H.
AND GINTY, D.
A neurotrophin signaling cascade coordinates sympathetic neuron development
through differential control of TrkA trafficking and retrograde signaling.
CELL 118 243-255 (2004).
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| Documentation | During the development of the vertebrate nervous system, many neurons
become redundant (because they have died, failed to connect to target
cells, etc.) and are eliminated. At the same time, developing neurons send
out axon outgrowths that contact their target cells [1]. Such cells control
their degree of innervation (the number of axon connections) by the
secretion of various specific neurotrophic factors that are essential for
neuron survival. One of these is nerve growth factor (NGF), which is
involved in the survival of some classes of embryonic neuron (e.g., peri-
pheral sympathetic neurons) [1]. NGF is mostly found outside the central
nervous system (CNS), but slight traces have been detected in adult CNS
tissues, although a physiological role for this is unknown [1]; it has also
been found in several snake venoms [2,3]. Proteins similar to NGF include
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophins 3 to 7, all of
which demonstrate neuron survival and outgrowth activities.
Although NGF was originally identified in snake venom, its most abundant
and best studied source is the submaxillary gland of adult male mice [4].
Mouse NGF is a high molecular weight hexamer, composed of 2 subunits each
of alpha, beta and gamma polypeptides. The beta subunit (NGF-beta) is
responsible for the physiological activity of the complex [4].
NGF-beta induces its cell survival effects through activation of
neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (NTRK1; also called TrkA), and
can induce cell death by binding to the low affinity nerve growth factor
receptor, p75NTR [5]. The neurotophin has been shown to be involved in
sympathetic axon growth and innervation of target fields [6].
NGFBETA is a 3-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the nerve
growth factor beta subunit. The fingerprint was derived from an initial
alignment of 17 sequences: the motifs were drawn from conserved regions
spanning the C-terminal half of the alignment, motifs 1 and 2 each
encompassing short beta strands. Six iterations on SPTR55_38f were required
to reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising 47 sequences
was identified.
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| Sequence Titles | A1A4E5_HUMAN Nerve growth factor, beta polypeptide - Homo sapiens (Human).
A6MFL5_DEMVE Venom nerve growth factor variant 1 precursor - Demansia vestigiata (Lesser black whip snake) (Demansia atra).
A6MFL6_DEMVE Venom nerve growth factor variant 2 precursor - Demansia vestigiata (Lesser black whip snake) (Demansia atra).
A6MFL7_DEMVE Venom nerve growth factor variant 3 precursor - Demansia vestigiata (Lesser black whip snake) (Demansia atra).
NGFV1_HOPST Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) - Hoplocephalus stephensii (Stephens' banded snake).
NGFV1_NAJSP Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) (Nerve growth factor I) - Naja sputatrix (Malayan spitting cobra).
NGFV1_NOTSC Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) - Notechis scutatus scutatus (Mainland tiger snake) (Common tiger snake).
NGFV1_OXYMI Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) - Oxyuranus microlepidotus (Inland taipan).
NGFV1_PSEAU Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) - Pseudechis australis (Mulga snake) (King brown snake).
NGFV1_PSETE Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) - Pseudonaja textilis (Eastern brown snake).
NGFV1_TROCA Venom nerve growth factor 1 precursor (vNGF-1) - Tropidechis carinatus (Australian rough-scaled snake).
NGFV2_HOPST Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) - Hoplocephalus stephensii (Stephens' banded snake).
NGFV2_NAJSP Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) (Nerve growth factor II) - Naja sputatrix (Malayan spitting cobra).
NGFV2_NOTSC Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) - Notechis scutatus scutatus (Mainland tiger snake) (Common tiger snake).
NGFV2_OXYMI Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) - Oxyuranus microlepidotus (Inland taipan).
NGFV2_PSEAU Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) - Pseudechis australis (Mulga snake) (King brown snake).
NGFV2_PSETE Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) - Pseudonaja textilis (Eastern brown snake).
NGFV2_TROCA Venom nerve growth factor 2 precursor (vNGF-2) - Tropidechis carinatus (Australian rough-scaled snake).
NGFV3_NOTSC Venom nerve growth factor 3 precursor (vNGF-3) - Notechis scutatus scutatus (Mainland tiger snake) (Common tiger snake).
NGFV3_PSEAU Venom nerve growth factor 3 precursor (vNGF-3) - Pseudechis australis (Mulga snake) (King brown snake).
NGFV3_TROCA Venom nerve growth factor 3 precursor (vNGF-3) - Tropidechis carinatus (Australian rough-scaled snake).
NGFV4_TROCA Venom nerve growth factor 4 precursor (vNGF-4) - Tropidechis carinatus (Australian rough-scaled snake).
NGFV5_TROCA Venom nerve growth factor 5 precursor (vNGF-5) - Tropidechis carinatus (Australian rough-scaled snake).
NGFV_BOTJR Venom nerve growth factor precursor (vNGF) (Bj-NGF) - Bothrops jararacussu (Jararacussu).
NGFV_CRODU Venom nerve growth factor precursor (vNGF) - Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake).
NGFV_NAJAT Venom nerve growth factor (v-NGF) - Naja atra (Chinese cobra).
NGFV_NAJKA Venom nerve growth factor (v-NGF) - Naja kaouthia (Monocled cobra) (Naja siamensis).
NGFV_PSEPO Venom nerve growth factor precursor (vNGF) - Pseudechis porphyriacus (Red-bellied black snake).
NGFV_VIPLE Venom nerve growth factor precursor (v-NGF) - Vipera lebetina (Elephant snake) (Leventine viper).
NGF_BOVIN Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Bos taurus (Bovine).
NGF_BUNMU NERVE GROWTH FACTOR PRECURSOR (NGF) - BUNGARUS MULTICINCTUS (MANY-BANDED KRAIT).
NGF_CAVPO Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig).
NGF_CHICK Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Gallus gallus (Chicken).
NGF_DABRR NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) - DABOIA RUSSELLI RUSSELLI (RUSSELL'S VIPER) (VIPERA RUSSELLI RUSSELLI).
NGF_GORGO Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Lowland gorilla).
NGF_HUMAN Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Homo sapiens (Human).
NGF_MOUSE Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Mus musculus (Mouse).
NGF_NAJNA NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) - NAJA NAJA (INDIAN COBRA).
NGF_PANTR Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee).
NGF_PONPY Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Pongo pygmaeus (Orangutan).
NGF_PRANA Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Praomys natalensis (African soft-furred rat) (Mastomys natalensis).
NGF_RAT Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
NGF_SAIBB Beta-nerve growth factor precursor (Beta-NGF) - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey).
NGF_XENLA Nerve growth factor precursor (NGF) - Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog).
Q1W7Q6_9SAUR Venom nerve growth factor preproprotein precursor - Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens.
Q3I5F4_9SAUR Venom nerve growth factor precursor - Oxyuranus scutellatus.
Q6LDU8_MOUSE Nerve growth factor (Lung RCB-0558 LLC cDNA, RIKEN full-length enriched library, clone:G730006F04 product:nerve growth factor, beta, full insert sequence) - Mus musculus (Mouse).
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