| Literature References | 1. PEIFER, M. AND WIESCHAUS, E.
The segment polarity gene armadillo encodes a functionally modular protein
that is the Drosophila homolog of human plakoglobin.
CELL 63 1167-1176 (1990).
2. WHITE, P., ABERLE, H., AND VINCENT, J.P.
Signaling and adhesion activities of mammalian beta-catenin and plakoglobin
in Drosophila.
J.CELL.BIOL. 140 183-195 (1998).
3. KIKUCHI, A.
Regulation of beta-catenin signaling in the Wnt pathway.
BIOCHEM.BIOPHYS.RES.COMMUN. 268 243-248 (2000).
4. DE MARAIS, A.A. AND MOON, R.T.
The armadillo homologs beta-catenin and plakoglobin are differentially
expressed during early development of Xenopus laevis.
DEV.BIOL. 153 337-346 (1992).
5. CHUNG, S.S.W., LEE, W.M. AND CHENG, C.Y.
Study on the formation of specialized inter-Sertoli cell junctions in
vitro.
J.CELL.PHYSIOL. 181 258-272 (1999).
6. HUBER, A. H., NELSON, W. J. AND WEIS, W. I.
Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin.
CELL 90 871 (1997).
7. GRAHAM, T.A., WEAVER, C., MAO, F., KIMELMAN, D. AND XU, W.
Crystal structure of a beta-catenin/Tcf complex.
CELL 103 885-896 (2000).
8. ANDRADE, M.A., PETOSA, C., O'DONOGHUE, S.I., MULLER, C.W. AND BORK, P.
Comparison of ARM and HEAT protein repeats.
J.MOL.BIOL. 309 1-18 (2001).
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| Documentation | The beta catenins and homologues, plakoglobin and the Drosophila Armadillo
protein [1], are implicated in cell adhesion and Wnt signalling [2].
Originally identified as downstream elements (armadillo phenotype) of
the Wnt signalling pathway (wingless phenotype) [3,4], these proteins have
also been shown to be components of adherens junctions, joining classical
cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton in cell adhesion [5]. The beta-catenin
structure has been determined [6-7].
Beta catenin family proteins contain several ARM repeats, sequences of
approximately 50 amino acids involved in protein-protein interactions. Each
repeat consists of three helices [6-8], with helix 1 and 3 antiparallel to
each other and perpendicular to helix 2 [6-8]. A conserved glycine residue
allows the sharp turn between helices 1 and 2 [6-8].
BCATNINFAMLY is a 9-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
beta-catenin family of proteins. The fingerprint was derived from an
initial alignment of 7 sequences: the motifs were drawn from conserved
regions spanning virtually the full alignment length - motifs 1 and 2 lie in
the N-terminal acidic (Asp/Glu-rich) region; motifs 3-9 reside in the first,
third, fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth and twelfth ARM repeats respectively.
Three iterations on SPTR40_20f were required to reach convergence, at which
point a true set comprising 24 sequences was identified.
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