| Literature References | 1. KURLAND, C.G., JORGENSEN, F., RICHTER, A., EHRENBERG, M., BILGIN, N.
AND ROJAS, A.-M.
IN THE RIBOSOME: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND EVOLUTION (ED. W.E.HILL ET AL.)
PP.513-526 (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY, WASHINGTON DC).
2. MUELLER, F. AND BRIMACOMBE, R.
A new model for the three-dimensional folding of Escherichia coli
16S ribosomal RNA. II. The RNA-protein interaction data.
J.MOL.BIOL. 271(4) 545-565 (1997).
3. OTAKA, E., SUZUKI, K. AND HASHIMOTO, T.
Examination of protein sequence homologies. VII. The complementary molecular
coevolution of ribosomal proteins equivalent to Escherichia coli L7/L12 and
L10.
PROTEIN SEQ.DATA ANAL. 3 11-19 (1990).
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| Documentation | Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles that are the site of protein
synthesis. The structure of the ribosome is well conserved across the
prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages, reflecting the early origin of their
essential function. They comprise two subunits, which can dissociate on
heating. In prokaryotes, the small subunit contains a single large RNA
moeity denoted, according to its sedimentation coefficient, 16S rRNA, and 21
different ribosomal proteins, designated S1-S21. Eukaryotic small ribosomal
subunits contain 33 proteins, many of which are similar to those found
in prokaryotes.
There are two major tRNA binding sites on the ribosome, termed the A site,
where incoming aminoacyl-tRNA is bound, and the P site (for peptidyl tRNA),
where new peptide bonds are formed. The ribosomal proteins catalyse ribosome
assembly and stabilise the rRNA, tuning the structure of the ribosome for
optimal function [1]. Evidence suggests that, in prokaryotes, the peptidyl
transferase reaction is performed by the large subunit 23S rRNA, whereas
proteins probably have a greater role in eukaryotic ribosomes. Most of the
proteins lie close to, or on the surface of, the 30S subunit, arranged
peripherally around the rRNA [2]. The small subunit ribosomal proteins can
be categorised as primary binding proteins, which bind directly and
independently to 16S rRNA; secondary binding proteins, which display no
specific affinity for 16S rRNA, but its assembly is contingent upon the
presence of one or more primary binding proteins; and tertiary binding
proteins, which require the presence of one or more secondary binding
proteins and sometimes other tertiary binding proteins.
The small ribosomal subunit protein S12 contains 130-150 amino acids. In
E.coli, S12 is known to be involved in the translation initiation step.
S12 belongs to a family of ribosomal proteins [3] that includes: eubacterial
S12; archaebacterial S12; algal and plant chloroplast S12; cyanelle S12;
protozoa and plant mitochondrial S12; yeast S28; Drosophila mitochondrial
protein tko (Technical KnockOut); and mammalian S23.
RIBOSOMALS12 is a 6-element fingerprint that provides a signature for
ribosomal S12 proteins. The fingerprint was derived from an initial
alignment of 11 sequences: the motifs were drawn from conserved regions
spanning virtually the full alignment length - motif 2 includes the central
region encoded by PROSITE pattern RIBOSOMAL_S12 (PS00055). Two iterations
on OWL30.2 were required to reach convergence, at which point a true set
comprising 78 sequences was identified. Several partial matches were also
found, all of which are homologues that fail to make significant matches
with one or more motifs, and many of which are fragments.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 72 sequences, and 5
partial matches.
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| Sequence Titles | O14182 PUTATIVE 40S MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN C4F8.06 - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST).
O21239 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - RECLINOMONAS AMERICANA.
O24084 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - BRASSICA NAPUS (RAPE).
O47435 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - LUPINUS ALBUS (WHITE LUPINE).
O48370 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS (NARROW-LEAVED BLUE LUPINE), LUPINUS LUTEUS (YELLOW LUPINE), AND LUPINUS MUTABILIS.
O70089 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - AQUIFEX AEOLICUS.
O84446 S12 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN - CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
P93335 MITOCHONDRIAL RPS12 - SORGHUM BICOLOR MILO (SORGHUM).
P97222 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - STREPTOMYCES LIVIDANS, AND STREPTOMYCES ROSEOSPORUS.
Q25818 COMPLETE GENE MAP OF PLASTID-LIKE DNA (IR-B) - PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.
RR12_ASTLO CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ASTASIA LONGA (EUGLENOPHYCEAN ALGA).
RR12_CHLRE CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII.
RR12_CHLVU CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - CHLORELLA VULGARIS.
RR12_CUSEU CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - CUSCUTA EUROPAEA (DODDER).
RR12_CYAPA CYANELLE 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - CYANOPHORA PARADOXA.
RR12_EPIVI CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - EPIFAGUS VIRGINIANA (BEECHDROPS).
RR12_EUGGR CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - EUGLENA GRACILIS.
RR12_GUITH CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - GUILLARDIA THETA (CRYPTOMONAS PHI).
RR12_HORVU CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY).
RR12_MAIZE CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE).
RR12_MARPO CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA (LIVERWORT).
RR12_ODOSI CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ODONTELLA SINENSIS.
RR12_ORYSA CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
RR12_PINTH CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PINUS THUNBERGII (GREEN PINE) (JAPANESE BLACK PINE).
RR12_PORPU CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PORPHYRA PURPUREA.
RR12_SOYBN CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - GLYCINE MAX (SOYBEAN).
RR12_SPIMX CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - SPIROGYRA MAXIMA.
RR12_TOBAC CHLOROPLAST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - NICOTIANA TABACUM (COMMON TOBACCO), AND NICOTIANA PLUMBAGINIFOLIA (LEADWORT-LEAVED TOBACCO).
RS12_ANANI 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ANACYSTIS NIDULANS.
RS12_BACST 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 (BS12) - BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS.
RS12_BACSU 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 (BS12) - BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
RS12_BORBU 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - BORRELIA BURGDORFERI (LYME DISEASE SPIROCHETE).
RS12_ECOLI 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ESCHERICHIA COLI, AND SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM.
RS12_ERWAM 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ERWINIA AMYLOVORA.
RS12_HAEIN 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 (STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE PROTEIN) - HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE.
RS12_HELPY 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - HELICOBACTER PYLORI (CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI).
RS12_LEPBI 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - LEPTOSPIRA BIFLEXA.
RS12_MICLU 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MICROCOCCUS LUTEUS (MICROCOCCUS LYSODEIKTICUS).
RS12_MYCBO 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS.
RS12_MYCGE 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOPLASMA GENITALIUM.
RS12_MYCIT 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE.
RS12_MYCLE 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE.
RS12_MYCPN 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE.
RS12_MYCSM 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOBACTERIUM SMEGMATIS.
RS12_MYCTU 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
RS12_RICPR 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKII.
RS12_SPIPL 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - SPIRULINA PLATENSIS.
RS12_STAAU 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
RS12_STRPN 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
RS12_SYNY3 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. (STRAIN PCC 6803).
RS12_THETH 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - THERMUS AQUATICUS (SUBSP. THERMOPHILUS).
RS12_THICU 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - THIOBACILLUS CUPRINUS.
RS12_TREPA 30S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.
RT12_ALLCE MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ALLIUM CEPA (ONION).
RT12_ARATH MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS).
RT12_BRANA MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - BRASSICA NAPUS (RAPE).
RT12_CHLS6 MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - CHLORARACHNION SP. (STRAIN CCMP 621) (PEDINOMONAS MINUTISSIMA).
RT12_CHOCR MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - CHONDRUS CRISPUS (CARRAGHEEN).
RT12_HELAN MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER).
RT12_MAGSO MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MAGNOLIA SOULANGEANA, AND MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA.
RT12_MAIZE MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE), AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
RT12_MARPO MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA (LIVERWORT).
RT12_NICSY MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - NICOTIANA SYLVESTRIS (WOOD TOBACCO).
RT12_OENHO 40S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12, MITOCHONDRIAL PRECURSOR - OENOTHERA HOOKERI (HOOKER'S EVENING PRIMROSE).
RT12_ORYSA MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
RT12_PANGI MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PANAX GINSENG (KOREAN GINSENG).
RT12_PARTE MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PARAMECIUM TETRAURELIA.
RT12_PETHY MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PETUNIA HYBRIDA (PETUNIA), AND PETUNIA PARODII (PETUNIA).
RT12_PINSY MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PINUS SYLVESTRIS (SCOTS PINE).
RT12_PROWI MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - PROTOTHECA WICKERHAMII.
RT12_RAPSA MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - RAPHANUS SATIVUS (RADISH).
YN8K_YEAST PUTATIVE MITOCHONDRIAL 40S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN YNR036C - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST).
RT12_ACACA MITOCHONDRIAL RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA).
RT12_DROME 40S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12, MITOCHONDRIAL PRECURSOR (MT-RPS12) (TECHNICAL KNOCKOUT LOCUS PROTEIN) - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
RT12_MOUSE 40S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12, MITOCHONDRIAL PRECURSOR (MT-RPS12) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
Q23886 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12 - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD).
RT12_HUMAN 40S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S12, MITOCHONDRIAL PRECURSOR (MT-RPS12) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
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