| Literature References | 1. THATCHER, T.H. AND GOROVSKY, M.A.
Phylogenetic analysis of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4
NUCLEIC ACIDS RES. 22(2) 174-179 (1994).
2. DOENECKE, D. AND GALLWITZ, D.
Acetylation of histones in nucleosomes.
MOL.CELL.BIOCHEMISTRY 44(2) 113-128 (1982).
3. EBRALIDSE, K.K., GRACHEV, S.A. AND MIRZABEKOV, A.D.
A highly basic histone-H4 domain bound to the sharply bent region of
nucleosomal DNA.
NATURE 331 365-367 (1988).
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| Documentation | Histone H4 is a small, highly conserved nuclear protein that, together
with 2 molecules each of histones H2A, H2B and H3, forms the eukaryotic
nucleosome core; the nucleosome octamer winds ~146 DNA base-pairs.
HISTONEH4 is a 6-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
H4 histones. The fingerprint was derived from an initial alignment of
12 sequences: the motifs were drawn from short conserved regions spanning
the full alignment length - motif 1 includes the first 2 residues of the
pentapeptide encoded by PROSITE pattern HISTONE_H4 (PS00047), the lysine
residue of which is often acetylated [2] and the histidine of which is
implicated in DNA binding [3]. Two iterations on OWL29.0 were required to
reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising 29 sequences
was identified. Several partial matches were also found, most of which
are fragments: the exception is H4_ENTHI, an H4 histone that matches motif
1 only poorly and lacks the characteristic DNA-binding pentapeptide.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 34 sequences, and 4
partial matches.
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| Sequence Titles | H41_EMENI HISTONE H4.1 - EMERICELLA NIDULANS (ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS).
H41_TETPY HISTONE H4, MAJOR - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS.
H42_EMENI HISTONE H4.2 - EMERICELLA NIDULANS (ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS).
H42_TETPY HISTONE H4, MINOR - TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS, AND TETRAHYMENA THERMOPHILA.
H4_ACRFO HISTONE H4 - ACROPORA FORMOSA (STAGHORN CORAL).
H4_ASCSU HISTONE H4 - ASCARIS SUUM (PIG ROUNDWORM) (ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES).
H4_CAEEL HISTONE H4 - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS, PSAMMECHINUS MILIARIS (SAND SEA URCHIN), LYTECHINUS PICTUS (PAINTED SEA URCHIN), STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS (PURPLE SEA URCHIN), PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS (COMMON SEA URCHIN), PISASTER BREVISPINUS (SEA STAR), PISASTER OCHRACEUS (SEA STAR), PYCNOPODIA HELIANTHOIDES (SEA STAR), AND HOLOTHURIA TUBULOSA (SEA CUCUMBER).
H4_CHLRE HISTONE H4 - CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII.
H4_DROME HISTONE H4 - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY), DROSOPHILA HYDEI (FRUIT FLY), TIGRIOPUS CALIFORNICUS, AND CHIRONOMUS THUMMI THUMMI (MIDGE).
H4_ENTHI HISTONE H4 - ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.
H4_HUMAN HISTONE H4 - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN), BOS TAURUS (BOVINE), SUS SCROFA (PIG), RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT), MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE), GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN), CAIRINA MOSCHATA (MUSCOVY DUCK), XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG), XENOPUS BOREALIS (KENYAN CLAWED FROG), ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (RAINBOW TROUT) (SALMO GAIRDNERI), OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (NILE TILAPIA) (TILAPIA NILOTICA), PLATYNEREIS DUMERILII (DUMERIL'S CLAM WORM), AND URECHIS CAUPO (INNKEEPER WORM) (SPOONWORM).
H4_LYCES HISTONE H4 - LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM (TOMATO).
H4_NEUCR HISTONE H4 - NEUROSPORA CRASSA.
H4_OXYNO HISTONE H4 - OXYTRICHA NOVA, AND STYLONYCHIA LEMNAE.
H4_PHACH HISTONE H4 - PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM, AND AGARICUS BISPORUS (COMMON MUSHROOM).
H4_PHYPO HISTONE H4 - PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM (SLIME MOLD).
H4_SCHPO HISTONE H4 - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST).
H4_SOLST HISTONE H4 - SOLASTER STIMPSONI (SEA STAR).
H4_VOLCA HISTONE H4 - VOLVOX CARTERI.
H4_WHEAT HISTONE H4 - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT), ZEA MAYS (MAIZE), PISUM SATIVUM (GARDEN PEA), ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS), MEDICAGO SATIVA (ALFALFA), AND LOLIUM TEMULENTUM.
H4_YEAST HISTONE H4 - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST).
O02619 ZK131.4 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
P70081 HISTONE H4 - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
P90544 HISTONE H4 - EUPLOTES CRASSUS.
P91849 HISTONE H4 - APIS CERANA (INDIAN HONEYBEE).
P91878 HISTONE H4 - DIPRION PINI.
P91879 HISTONE H4 - DIPRION PINI.
P91880 HISTONE H4 - DIPRION PINI.
P91882 HISTONE H4 - DIADROMUS PULCHELLUS.
P91890 HISTONE H4 - TRICHOGRAMMA CACEOCIAE.
P93558 HISTONE H4 - SESBANIA ROSTRATA.
Q27875 HISTONE H4 - TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.
Q41811 HISTONE 4 - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE).
Q43083 HISTONE H4 - PYRENOMONAS SALINA.
Q99525 HISTONE H4 - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O00912 HISTONE H4 - LEISHMANIA INFANTUM.
O00913 HISTONE H4 - LEISHMANIA INFANTUM.
Q27898 HISTONE H4 - PSAMMECHINUS MILIARIS (SAND SEA URCHIN).
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