| Literature References | 1. VERVOORT, J., HEERING, D., PEELEN, S. AND VAN BERKEL, W.
Flavodoxins.
METHODS ENZYMOL. 243 188-203 (1994).
2. WAKABAYASHI, S., KIMURA, T., FUKUYAMA, K., MATSUBARA, H. AND
ROGERS, L.J.
The amino acid sequence of a flavodoxin from the eukaryotic red alga
Chondrus crispus.
BIOCHEM.J. 263 981-984 (1989).
3. PORTER, T.D. AND KASPER, C.B.
NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase: flavin mononucleotide and
flavin adenine dinucleotide domains evolved from different flavoproteins.
BIOCHEMISTRY 25 1682-1687 (1986).
4. OSTROWSKI, J., BARBER, M.J., RUEGER, D.C., MILLER, B.E., SIEGEL, L.M.
AND KREDICH, N.M.
Characterization of the flavoprotein moieties of NADPH-sulfite reductase
from Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Physicochemical and
catalytic properties, amino acid sequence deduced from DNA sequence
of cysJ, and comparison with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.
J.BIOL.CHEM. 264 15796-15808 (1989).
5. BREDT, D.S., HWANG, P.M., GLATT, C.E., LOWENSTEIN, C., REED, R.R.
AND SNYDER, S.H.
Cloned and expressed nitric oxide synthase structurally resembles
cytochrome P-450 reductase.
NATURE 351 714-718 (1991).
6. RAO, S.T., SHAFFIE, F., YU, C., SATYSHUR, K.A., STOCKMAN, B.J.,
MARKLEY, J.L. AND SUNDARALINGAM, M.
Structure of the oxidized long-chain flavodoxin from Anabaena 7120
at 2 A resolution.
PROTEIN SCI. 1 1413-1427 (1992).
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| Documentation | Flavodoxins act in various electron-transport systems as functional
analogues of ferredoxins [1]. Although flavodoxins are found only in
certain bacteria and algae [2], the proteins share similarity with a
number of protein domains of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin,
in particular to the FMN-binding domain in NADPH:P450 reductases [3].
The flavoprotein component of bacterial NADPH-sulfite reductase [4] and
the C-terminal domain of mammalian nitric oxide synthases (NOS) [5]
show pronounced sequence similarity to NADPH:P450 reductases.
The 3D-structures of several flavodoxins from bacteria and algae have been
solved. All of them have a doubly-wound alternating alpha/beta fold
consisting of a five-stranded parallel beta-sheet core with a pair of
flanking alpha-helices [6]. FMN binds at one end of the sheet, with its
dimethyl benzene edge exposed to solvent.
FLAVODOXIN is a 4-element fingerprint that provides a signature for
flavodoxins. The fingerprint was derived from an initial alignment of 24
sequences: motif 1 spans the N-terminal region encoded by PROSITE pattern
FLAVODOXIN (PS00201), which is involved in binding the FMN phosphate group
- within the 3D-structure of bacterial flavodoxin (2FX2), this motif
corresponds to the loop between beta-strand 2 and helix 1; motif 2 spans
part of beta-strand 3 and the adjacent beta-turn; motif 3 coincides with
beta-strand 4; and motif 4 includes helix 3. Five iterations on OWL25.1
were required to reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising
66 sequences was identified. Several partial matches were also found,
including various flavodoxins, a bacterial P450 reductase, E.coli MIOC
protein, and a number of hypothetical proteins.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 64 sequences, and 36
partial matches.
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| Sequence Titles | CYSJ_ECOLI SULFITE REDUCTASE [NADPH] FLAVOPROTEIN ALPHA-COMPONENT (EC 1.8.1.2) (SIR-FP) - ESCHERICHIA COLI.
CYSJ_SALTY SULFITE REDUCTASE [NADPH] FLAVOPROTEIN ALPHA-COMPONENT (EC 1.8.1.2) (SIR-FP) - SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM.
CYSJ_THIRO SULFITE REDUCTASE [NADPH] FLAVOPROTEIN ALPHA-COMPONENT (EC 1.8.1.2) (SIR-FP) - THIOCAPSA ROSEOPERSICINA.
FLAV_AZOVI FLAVODOXIN 2 - AZOTOBACTER VINELANDII.
FLAV_DESGI FLAVODOXIN - DESULFOVIBRIO GIGAS.
FLAV_DESSA FLAVODOXIN - DESULFOVIBRIO SALEXIGENS.
FLAV_DESVH FLAVODOXIN - DESULFOVIBRIO VULGARIS (STRAIN HILDENBOROUGH).
FLAV_DESVM FLAVODOXIN - DESULFOVIBRIO VULGARIS (STRAIN MIYAZAKI).
FLAV_SYNY3 FLAVODOXIN - SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. (STRAIN PCC 6803).
FLAW_ECOLI FLAVODOXIN 2 - ESCHERICHIA COLI.
NCPR_CANMA NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - CANDIDA MALTOSA (YEAST).
NCPR_CANTR NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - CANDIDA TROPICALIS (YEAST).
NCPR_CATRO NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) - CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (ROSY PERIWINKLE) (MADAGASCAR PERIWINKLE).
NCPR_CAVPO NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - CAVIA PORCELLUS (GUINEA PIG).
NCPR_HUMAN NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
NCPR_MOUSE NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
NCPR_MUSDO NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) - MUSCA DOMESTICA (HOUSE FLY).
NCPR_PHAAU NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - PHASEOLUS AUREUS (MUNG BEAN) (VIGNA RADIATA).
NCPR_PIG NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - SUS SCROFA (PIG).
NCPR_RABIT NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT).
NCPR_RAT NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
NCPR_SCHPO NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST).
NCPR_YEAST NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST).
NOS1_HUMAN NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, BRAIN (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE I) (NEURONAL NOS) (NNOS) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
NOS1_RAT NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, BRAIN (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE I) (NEURONAL NOS) (NNOS) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
NOS2_CHICK NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) (MACROPHAGE NOS) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
NOS2_HUMAN NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) (HEPATHOCYTE NOS) (HEP-NOS) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
NOS2_MOUSE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) (MACROPHAGE NOS) (MAC-NOS) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
NOS2_RAT NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
NOS3_BOVIN NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, ENDOTHELIAL (EC 1.14.13.39) (EC-NOS) (NOS, TYPE III) (ENDOTHELIAL NOS) (ENOS) - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
NOS3_HUMAN NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, ENDOTHELIAL (EC 1.14.13.39) (EC-NOS) (NOS, TYPE III) (ENDOTHELIAL NOS) (ENOS) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O14167 PUTATIVE SULFITE REDUCTASE (FERREDOXIN) (EC 1.8.7.1) - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST).
O19132 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, BRAIN (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE I) (NEURONAL NOS) (NNOS) (CONSTITUTIVE NOS) (NC-NOS) (BNOS) - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT).
O24424 NADPH:FERRIHEMOPROTEIN OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) - PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM (OPIUM POPPY).
O24425 NADPH:FERRIHEMOPROTEIN OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) - ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICA (CALIFORNIA POPPY).
O32214 YVGR PROTEIN - BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
O48937 NADPH CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (NADPH--FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE) (NADPH--CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE) (TPNH(2) CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE) (FERRIHEMOPROTEIN P450 REDUCTASE) - PETROSELINUM CRISPUM (PARSLEY) (PETROSELINUM HORTENSE).
O48938 NADPH CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (NADPH--FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE) (NADPH--CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE) (TPNH(2) CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE) (FERRIHEMOPROTEIN P450 REDUCTASE) - PETROSELINUM CRISPUM (PARSLEY) (PETROSELINUM HORTENSE).
O54705 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) - CAVIA PORCELLUS (GUINEA PIG).
O60471 METHIONINE SYNTHASE REDUCTASE - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O60591 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O60604 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE, INDUCIBLE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE II) (INDUCIBLE NOS) (INOS) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O60757 INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O61309 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOS, TYPE I) (NEURONAL NOS) (NNOS) - LYMNAEA STAGNALIS (GREAT POND SNAIL).
O61608 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE (EC 1.14.13.39) - ANOPHELES STEPHENSI (INDO-PAKISTAN MALARIA MOSQUITO).
O70515 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE 2 - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O70516 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE 2 - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
O77104 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE - MANDUCA SEXTA (TOBACCO HAWKMOTH) (TOBACCO HORNWORM).
P70313 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, ENDOTHELIAL (EC 1.14.13.39) (EC-NOS) (NOS, TYPE III) (ENDOTHELIAL NOS) (ENOS) (CONSTITUTIVE NOS) (CNOS) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
P70594 NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
P91655 NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE - DROSOPHILA METTLERI (FRUIT FLY).
Q00141 NADPH CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE - ASPERGILLUS NIGER.
Q09590 PROBABLE NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (CPR) - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q12181 HYPOTHETICAL 72.3 KD PROTEIN YPR044W - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST).
Q17574 C01G6.6 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q26240 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE (EC 1.14.13.39) - RHODNIUS PROLIXUS.
Q27571 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE (EC 1.14.13.39) (DNOS) - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
Q27597 NADPH--FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (NADPH--CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE) (TPNH(2) CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE) (FERRIHEMOPROTEIN P450 REDUCTASE) - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
Q28969 NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, ENDOTHELIAL (EC 1.14.13.39) (EC-NOS) (NOS, TYPE III) (ENDOTHELIAL NOS) (ENOS) (CONSTITUTIVE NOS) (CNOS) - SUS SCROFA (PIG).
Q39035 NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS).
Q39036 NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS).
Q43235 NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4) (NADPH--FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE) (NADPH--CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE) (TPNH(2) CYTOCHROME C REDUCTASE) (FERRIHEMOPROTEIN P450 REDUCTASE) - VICIA SATIVA (SPRING VETCH) (TARE).
Q60451 NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 OXIDOREDUCTASE - CRICETULUS GRISEUS (CHINESE HAMSTER).
YJ9F_YEAST HYPOTHETICAL 161.2 KD PROTEIN IN NMD5-HOM6 INTERGENIC REGION - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST).
CPXB_BACME CYTOCHROME P450(BM-3) (P450BM-3) [INCLUDES: CYTOCHROME P450 102 (EC 1.14.14.1); NADPH-CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE (EC 1.6.2.4)] - BACILLUS MEGATERIUM.
FLAV_ANASP FLAVODOXIN - ANABAENA SP. (STRAIN PCC 7120), AND ANABAENA SP. (STRAIN PCC 7119).
FLAV_AZOCH FLAVODOXIN B (FLDB) - AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM MCD 1.
FLAV_BACSU PROBABLE FLAVODOXIN 1 - BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
FLAV_ECOLI FLAVODOXIN 1 - ESCHERICHIA COLI.
FLAV_ENTAG FLAVODOXIN - ENTEROBACTER AGGLOMERANS.
FLAV_HAEIN FLAVODOXIN - HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE.
FLAV_RHOCA FLAVODOXIN 2 - RHODOBACTER CAPSULATUS (RHODOPSEUDOMONAS CAPSULATA).
FLAV_SYNP2 FLAVODOXIN - SYNECHOCOCCUS SP. (STRAIN PCC 7002) (AGMENELLUM QUADRUPLICATUM).
FLAV_SYNP7 FLAVODOXIN - SYNECHOCOCCUS SP. (STRAIN PCC 7942) (ANACYSTIS NIDULANS R2).
FLAW_BACSU PROBABLE FLAVODOXIN 2 - BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
FLAW_DESGI FLAVODOXIN - DESULFOVIBRIO GIGAS.
FLAW_ENTAG FLAVODOXIN - ENTEROBACTER AGGLOMERANS.
FLAW_KLEPN FLAVODOXIN - KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE.
MIOC_HAEIN MIOC PROTEIN HOMOLOG - HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE.
O08336 CYTOCHROME P450 102 (EC 1.14.14.1) - BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
O08394 PROBABLE CYTOCHROME P450 (YFNJ) (EC 1.14.14.1) - BACILLUS SUBTILIS.
O59761 CONSERVED HYPOTHETICAL PROTEIN - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST).
O68591 IRON-UPTAKE FACTOR - PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA.
Q46917 CORRESPONDS TO HYPOTHETICAL PROTEIN FROM E. CAROTOVORA PIR ACCESSION NUMBER S45107 - ESCHERICHIA COLI.
FLAV_CHOCR FLAVODOXIN - CHONDRUS CRISPUS (CARRAGHEEN).
FLAV_HELPY FLAVODOXIN - HELICOBACTER PYLORI (CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI).
MIOC_ECOLI MIOC PROTEIN - ESCHERICHIA COLI.
O68226 FLAVODOXIN A - HELICOBACTER PYLORI (CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI).
Q47418 (SCRI193) - ERWINIA CAROTOVORA.
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