| Literature References | 1. SCHWARTZ, T.W. AND HANSEN, H.F.
Isolation of ovine pancreatic icosapeptide - a peptide product containing
one cysteine residue.
FEBS LETT. 168(2) 293-298 (1984).
2. ALLEN, J., NOVOTNY, J., MARTIN, J. AND HEINRICH, G.
Molecular structure of mammalian neuropeptide Y - Analysis by molecular
cloning and computer-aided comparison with crystal structure of avian
homolog.
PROC.NATL.ACAD.SCI.U.S.A. 84(8) 2532-2536 (1987).
3. SILLARD, R., AGERBERTH, B., MUTT, V. AND JORNVALL, H.
Sheep neuropeptide Y - A 3rd structural type of a highly conserved peptide.
FEBS LETT. 258(2) 263-265 (1989).
4. CONLON, J.M., BJENNING, C., MOON, T.W., YOUSON, J.H. AND THIM, L.
Neuropeptide Y-related peptides from the pancreas of a telostean (eel),
holostean (bowfin) and elasmobranch (skate) fish.
PEPTIDES 12(2) 221-226 (1991).
|
| Documentation | The dominant endocrine cell type of the duodenal pancreas is the pancreatic
polypeptide cell, which secretes pancreatic polypeptide, a hormone involved
in the regulation of biliary tract motility, and of zymogen secretion from
the exocrine pancreas [1]. The hormone is produced as a larger propeptide,
which is enzymatically cleaved to yield the mature active peptide: this is
36 amino acids in length [2] and has an amidated C-terminus [3]. The
hormone has a globular structure, residues 2-8 forming a left-handed poly-
proline-II-like helix, residues 9-13 a beta turn, and 14-32 an alpha-helix,
held close to the first helix by hydrophobic interactions [2]. Unlike
glucagon, another peptide hormone, the structure of pancreatic peptide is
preserved in aqueous solution [4]. Both N- and C-termini are required for
activity: receptor binding and activation functions may reside in the N-
and C-termini respectively [2].
Further peptide hormones have been identified that are similar to
pancreatic polypeptide in both sequence and structure, including neuro-
peptide tyrosine (often call neuropeptide Y) and peptide YY. Neuropeptide
Y, which is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous
systems, is implicated in the control of feeding, and secretion of gonado-
trophin-releasing hormone [2]. Peptide YY, a gut protein, inhibits exocrine
pancreatic secretion, can cause vasoconstriction, and affects jejunal and
colonic mobility [4].
PANCHORMONE is a 2-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
pancreatic polypeptides. The fingerprint was derived from an initial
alignment of 5 sequences: the motifs were drawn from the full alignment
length - motif 1 spans the polyproline-II-like helix, the beta turn and
part of the alpha-helix, and motif 2 includes the remaining portion of the
alpha-helix and the 5 conserved C-terminal residues encoded by PROSITE
pattern PANCREATIC_HORMONE (PS00265). Three iterations on OWL22.1 were
required to reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising 47
sequences was identified.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 50 sequences.
|
| Sequence Titles | NEUY_CARAU NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR (NPY) - CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH).
NEUY_CHICK NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR (NPY) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
NEUY_GADMO NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) - GADUS MORHUA (ATLANTIC COD).
NEUY_HUMAN NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR (NPY) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
NEUY_ONCMY NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) - ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (RAINBOW TROUT) (SALMO GAIRDNERI).
NEUY_PIG NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) - SUS SCROFA (PIG).
NEUY_RABIT NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT), CAVIA PORCELLUS (GUINEA PIG), AND ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS (AMERICAN ALLIGATOR).
NEUY_RANRI MELANOSTATIN (MELANOTROPIN-RELEASE-INHIBITING FACTOR) (NEUROPEPTIDE Y) (NPY) - RANA RIDIBUNDA (LAUGHING FROG) (MARSH FROG), AND RANA TEMPORARIA (EUROPEAN COMMON FROG).
NEUY_RAT NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR (NPY) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
NEUY_SHEEP NEUROPEPTIDE Y (NPY) - OVIS ARIES (SHEEP).
NEUY_TORMA NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR (NPY) - TORPEDO MARMORATA (MARBLED ELECTRIC RAY).
NEUY_XENLA NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
NPY_LAMFL NEUROPEPTIDE Y PRECURSOR (NPY) - LAMPETRA FLUVIATILIS (RIVER LAMPREY).
PAHO_ALLMI PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - ALLIGATOR MISSISSIPPIENSIS (AMERICAN ALLIGATOR).
PAHO_ANSAN PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - ANSER ANSER ANSER (WESTERN GRAYLAG GOOSE).
PAHO_BOVIN PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
PAHO_CANFA PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - CANIS FAMILIARIS (DOG).
PAHO_CAVPO PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - CAVIA PORCELLUS (GUINEA PIG).
PAHO_CERSI PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM (WHITE RHINOCEROS) (SQUARE-LIPPED RHINOCEROS).
PAHO_CHIBR PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - CHINCHILLA BREVICAUDATA (CHINCHILLA).
PAHO_CHICK PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN), AND MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO (COMMON TURKEY).
PAHO_DIDMA PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - DIDELPHIS MARSUPIALIS VIRGINIANA (NORTH AMERICAN OPOSSUM).
PAHO_EQUZE PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - EQUUS ZEBRA (MOUNTAIN ZEBRA), AND EQUUS CABALLUS PRZEWALSKII (PRZEWALSKI'S HORSE).
PAHO_ERIEU PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - ERINACEUS EUROPAEUS (WESTERN EUROPEAN HEDGEHOG).
PAHO_HUMAN PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
PAHO_LARAR PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - LARUS ARGENTATUS (HERRING GULL).
PAHO_MACMU PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - MACACA MULATTA (RHESUS MACAQUE).
PAHO_MOUSE PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
PAHO_PIG PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - SUS SCROFA (PIG).
PAHO_RABIT PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT).
PAHO_RANCA PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - RANA CATESBEIANA (BULL FROG).
PAHO_RANTE PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - RANA TEMPORARIA (EUROPEAN COMMON FROG).
PAHO_RAT PANCREATIC HORMONE PRECURSOR (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
PAHO_STRCA PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - STRUTHIO CAMELUS (OSTRICH).
PAHO_TAPPI PANCREATIC HORMONE (PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE) (PP) - TAPIRUS PINCHAQUE (MOUNTAIN TAPIR).
PMY_PETMA PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE MY (PMY) - PETROMYZON MARINUS (SEA LAMPREY).
PYY_AMICA PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - AMIA CALVA (BOWFIN).
PYY_BOVIN PEPTIDE YY PRECURSOR (PYY) - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
PYY_CHICK PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
PYY_HUMAN PEPTIDE YY PRECURSOR (PYY) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
PYY_LAMFL PEPTIDE YY HOMOLOG PRECURSOR (PYY) - LAMPETRA FLUVIATILIS (RIVER LAMPREY).
PYY_LEPSP PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) (NEUROPEPTIDE Y-RELATED PEPTIDE) - LEPISOSTEUS SPATULA (ALLIGATOR GAR) (ATRACTOSTEUS SPATULA), SCYLIORHINUS CANICULA (SPOTTED DOGFISH) (SPOTTED CATSHARK), AND SQUALUS ACANTHIAS (SPINY DOGFISH).
PYY_MYOSC PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - MYOXOCEPHALUS SCORPIUS (SHORTHORN SCULPIN) (DADDY SCULPIN).
PYY_ONCKI PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH (COHO SALMON), AND ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (RAINBOW TROUT) (SALMO GAIRDNERI).
PYY_ORENI PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (NILE TILAPIA) (TILAPIA NILOTICA).
PYY_PIG PEPTIDE YY (PYY) - SUS SCROFA (PIG), AND CANIS FAMILIARIS (DOG).
PYY_RAJRH PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - RAJA RHINA (SKATE).
PYY_RANRI PEPTIDE YY-LIKE (PYY) - RANA RIDIBUNDA (LAUGHING FROG) (MARSH FROG).
PYY_RAT PEPTIDE YY PRECURSOR (PYY) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
SPYY_PHYBI SKIN PEPTIDE TYROSINE-TYROSINE (SPYY) - PHYLLOMEDUSA BICOLOR (TWO-COLORED LEAF FROG).
|