| Literature References | 1. WAGNER, K., EDSON, K., HEGINBOTHAM, L., POST, M., HUGANIR, R.L.
AND CZERNIK, A.J.
Determination of the tyrosine phosphorylation sited of the nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor.
J.BIOL.CHEM. 266 23784-23789 (1991).
2. CAULEY, K., AGRANOFF, B.W. AND GOLDMAN, D.
Identification of a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor structural
subunit expressed in golfish.
J.CELL BIOL. 108 637-645 (1989).
3. WANG, X.M., TSAY, H.J. AND SCHMIDT, J.
Expression of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene in
differentiating chick muscle cells is activated by an element that contains
two 16 bp copies of a segment of the alpha-subunit enhancer.
EMBO J. 9 783-790 (1990).
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| Documentation | Acetylcholine receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate signal
transduction at the post-synaptic membrane of cholinergic synapses, such as
the neuromuscular junction [1]. They belong to a family of neurotransmitter-
gated receptors, including glycine, gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA),
serotonin 5HT3 and glutamate receptors. These are oligomeric transmembrane
(TM) complexes (pentamers of 2 alpha and 1 beta, 1 gamma and 1 delta
subunit) that form transient channels on binding specific neurotrans-
mitters. Their sequences are related and share the same topology: each has
an extracellular, glycosylated N-terminal ligand-binding domain; 3 hydro-
phobic TM regions, which form the channel; a hydrophilic cytoplasmic
domain; followed by a fourth putative TM region [2].
The expression of acetylcholine receptors is activated during muscle
differentiation and upon denervation of adult muscle [3]. Receptor function
is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation by kinases and
phosphatases present in the post-synaptic membranes [1]. Most of the
phosphorylation sites are located in the major intracellular loop between
the third and fourth TM regions and are closely spaced.
NICOTINICR is a 4-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor family. The fingerprint was derived from
an initial alignment of 8 sequences: the motifs were drawn from conserved
regions in the N-terminal ligand-binding domain (cf. PROSITE pattern
NEUROTR_ION_CHANNEL (PS00236)). Two iterations on OWL24.0 were required to
reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising 78 sequences was
identified. Six partial matches were also found: A20972, ONGARS, ACHB_CHICK
and A35437 are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit fragments; and
5HT3_MOUSE and MM5H3R are serotonin receptors.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 90 sequences, and 14
partial matches.
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| Sequence Titles | ACH1_CAEEL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN, ALPHA-TYPE CHAIN PRECURSOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
ACH1_DROME ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-LIKE CHAIN 1 PRECURSOR - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
ACH1_MANSE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-LIKE CHAIN PRECURSOR - MANDUCA SEXTA (TOBACCO HAWKMOTH) (TOBACCO HORNWORM).
ACH1_SCHGR ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-L1 CHAIN PRECURSOR - SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA (DESERT LOCUST).
ACH1_XENLA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-1A CHAIN PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ACH2_CAEEL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN, BETA-TYPE SUBUNIT UNC-29 PRECURSOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
ACH2_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACH2_DROME ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-LIKE CHAIN 2 PRECURSOR - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
ACH2_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACH2_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACH2_XENLA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-1B CHAIN PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ACH3_BOVIN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACH3_CARAU NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR (GF- ALPHA-3) - CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH).
ACH3_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACH3_DROME ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-LIKE CHAIN 1 PRECURSOR - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
ACH3_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACH3_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACH4_CAEEL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN, BETA-TYPE SUBUNIT ACR-2 PRECURSOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
ACH4_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-4 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACH4_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-4 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACH4_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-4 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACH5_CAEEL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN, ALPHA-TYPE SUBUNIT UNC-38 PRECURSOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
ACH5_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-5 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACH5_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-5 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACH5_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-5 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACH6_CAEEL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN, BETA-TYPE SUBUNIT ACR-3 PRECURSOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
ACH6_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-6 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACH6_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-6 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACH6_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-6 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACH7_BOVIN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-7 CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACH7_CAEEL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN, BETA-TYPE SUBUNIT LEV-1 PRECURSOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
ACH7_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-7 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACH7_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-7 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACH7_MOUSE NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-7 CHAIN PRECURSOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
ACH7_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-7 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACH9_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-9 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHA_BOVIN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACHA_BRARE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - BRACHYDANIO RERIO (ZEBRAFISH) (ZEBRA DANIO).
ACHA_CHICK ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACHA_HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHA_MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
ACHA_RAT ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHA_TORCA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - TORPEDO CALIFORNICA (PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAY).
ACHA_TORMA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA CHAIN PRECURSOR - TORPEDO MARMORATA (MARBLED ELECTRIC RAY).
ACHB_BOVIN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACHB_HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHB_MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA CHAIN PRECURSOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
ACHB_RAT ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHB_TORCA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA CHAIN PRECURSOR - TORPEDO CALIFORNICA (PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAY).
ACHD_BOVIN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACHD_CHICK ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACHD_HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHD_MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
ACHD_RAT ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHD_TORCA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - TORPEDO CALIFORNICA (PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAY).
ACHD_XENLA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, DELTA CHAIN PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ACHE_BOVIN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, EPSILON CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACHE_HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, EPSILON CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHE_MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, EPSILON CHAIN PRECURSOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
ACHE_RAT ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, EPSILON CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHE_XENLA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, EPSILON CHAIN PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ACHG_BOVIN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE).
ACHG_CHICK ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACHG_HUMAN ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHG_MOUSE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
ACHG_RAT ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHG_TORCA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - TORPEDO CALIFORNICA (PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAY).
ACHG_XENLA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, GAMMA CHAIN PRECURSOR - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
ACHN_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR (NON-ALPHA-1 CHAIN) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACHN_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHN_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR (NON- ALPHA 1) (N-ALPHA 1) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHO_CARAU NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, NON-ALPHA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR (GFN-ALPHA-2) - CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH).
ACHO_CHICK NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
ACHO_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHO_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
ACHP_CARAU NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, NON-ALPHA-3 CHAIN PRECURSOR (GFN-ALPHA-3) - CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH).
ACHP_HUMAN NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-4 CHAIN PRECURSOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
ACHP_RAT NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, BETA-4 CHAIN PRECURSOR (NON- ALPHA 2) (N-ALPHA 2) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
O16926 F25G6.4 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
O18394 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ALPHA 3 SUBUNIT PRECURSOR - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
O35769 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ALPHA4-2 - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
O46128 NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ALPHA1 SUBUNIT PRECURSOR - HELIOTHIS VIRESCENS (NOCTUID MOTH) (OWLET MOTH).
O62083 C31H5.3 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
P91197 SIMILAR TO LIGAND-GATED IONIC CHANNEL PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
P91764 NICOTINIC ACETYL CHOLINE RECEPTOR ALPHA-SUBUNIT - MYZUS PERSICAE (PEACH-POTATO APHID).
P92039 ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT PRECURSOR - HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS.
Q03481 NEURONAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PROTEIN, ALPHA-2 CHAIN PRECURSOR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
Q18556 C40C9.2 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q21615 R01E6.4 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q23355 ZC504.2 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q21645 SIMILAR TO ACETYCHOLINE RECEPTOR - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q93329 C35C5.5 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
YZN4_CAEEL HYPOTHETICAL ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR LIKE PROTEIN F18G5.4 IN CHROMOSOME X - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
5HT3_HUMAN 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor precursor (5-HT-3) (Serotonin-gated ion channel receptor) (5-HT3R) - Homo sapiens (Human).
5HT3_MOUSE 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor precursor (5-HT-3) (Serotonin-gated ion channel receptor) (5-HT3R) - Mus musculus (Mouse).
5HT3_RAT 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor precursor (5-HT-3) (Serotonin-gated ion channel receptor) (5-HT3R) - Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
O60854 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE 3 RECEPTOR PRECURSOR (5-HT-3) (SEROTONIN-GATED ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR) (5-HT3R) (5-HT3 RECEPTOR) (SEROTONIN 3 RECEPTOR) - Homo sapiens (Human).
O60855 SEROTONIN RECEPTOR - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O70212 5-HT3-AL RECEPTOR PRECURSOR - Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig).
O70213 5-HT3-AS RECEPTOR PRECURSOR - Cavia porcellus (Guinea pig).
Q22224 T05C12.2 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
Q61225 5HT3 RECEPTOR - Mus musculus (Mouse).
Q61226 5HT3 RECEPTOR - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
Q62999 5HT3 RECEPTOR - Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
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