| Literature References | 1. OKITA, T.W., CHEESBROUGH, V. AND REEVES, C.D.
Evolution and heterogeneity of the alpha-type, beta-type, and gamma-type
gliadin DNA sequences.
J.BIOL.CHEM. 260(13) 8203-8213 (1985).
2. RAFALSKI, J.A.
Structure of wheat gamma-gliadin genes.
GENE 43(3) 221-229 (1986).
3. THOMPSON, R.D., BARTELS, D. AND HARBERD, N.P.
Nucleotide sequence of a gene from chromosome 1D of wheat encoding a HMW
glutenin subunit
NUCLEIC ACIDS RES. 13(19) 6833-6848 (1985).
4. ANDERSON, O.D., GREENE, F.C., YIP, R.E., HALFORD, N.G., SHEWRY P.R. AND
MALPICAROMERO J.M.
Nucleotide sequences of the 2 high molecular weight glutenin genes from the
D-genome of a hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L-CV Cheyenne.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RES. 17(1) 461-462 (1989).
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| Documentation | Gluten is the protein component of wheat flour. It consists of numerous
proteins, which are of 2 different types responsible for different physical
properties of dough: the glutenins, which are primarily responsible for the
elasticity, and the gliadins, which contribute to the extensibility. The
glutenins themselves are of 2 different types, termed low and high [3]
molecular weight subunits. The latter have unusual structures: a central
region contains multiple tandem repeats of blocks of amino acids, forming a
loose helix based on beta reverse turns, and is flanked by globular
regions, which can be cross-linked by disulphide bonds. The result is an
elastic network in which the elasticity may derive from the cross-linking,
the helical structure, or a combination of these [4].
The gliadins are also of different types (e.g., alpha/beta or gamma) and,
like the glutenins, contain repetitive sequences [1] that form loose
helical structures, but are usually associated with more extensive non-
repetitive regions, which are compact and globular [2].
GLIADGLUTEN is a 3-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
gliadins and low molecular weight glutenins. The fingerprint was derived
from an initial alignment of 7 sequences: motifs 1 and 2 encode 2 Gln/Cys-
rich regions, and motif 3 a hydrophobic region. Three iterations on OWL18.0
were required to reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising
45 sequences was identified, including seed storage proteins such as
hordeins, avenins and secalins. A subfamily of sequences matching 2 motifs
(all matching motif 1) was also identified, this comprising further seed
storage proteins - these are the prolamins from rice, whose structures are
different from the storage proteins from the wheat/barley/oat cereal crops.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 51 sequences, and 4
partial matches.
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| Sequence Titles | AVE3_AVESA AVENIN-3 PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - AVENA SATIVA (OAT).
GDA0_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA1_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN A-I PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA2_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN A-II PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA3_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN A-III PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA4_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN A-IV PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA5_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN A-V PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA6_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN CLONE PW1215 PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA7_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN CLONE PW8142 PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDA9_WHEAT ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN MM1 PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDB1_WHEAT GAMMA-GLIADIN B-I PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDB2_WHEAT GAMMA-GLIADIN PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDBB_WHEAT GAMMA-GLIADIN B PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GDBX_WHEAT GAMMA-GLIADIN PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GLTA_WHEAT GLUTENIN, LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBUNIT PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GLTB_WHEAT GLUTENIN, LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBUNIT 1D1 PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GLTC_WHEAT GLUTENIN, LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT SUBUNIT PTDUCD1 PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
GLU2_MAIZE GLUTELIN 2 PRECURSOR (ZEIN-GAMMA) (27 KD ZEIN) (ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE REDUCED GLUTELIN) (ASG) (ZEIN ZC2) - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE).
HOG1_HORVU GAMMA-HORDEIN 1 PRECURSOR - HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY).
HOG3_HORVU GAMMA-HORDEIN 3 - HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY).
HOR1_HORVU B1-HORDEIN PRECURSOR - HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY).
O22108 LMW GLUTENIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
O22116 LMW GLUTENIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
P93790 LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
P93791 LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
P93792 LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
P93793 LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
P93794 LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
P94021 LMW GLUTENIN (LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN STORAGE PROTEIN) - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
PRO2_ORYSA 13 KD PROLAMIN PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
PRO7_ORYSA PROLAMIN PPROL 17 PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
Q00318 22 KD GAMMA-COIXIN PRECURSOR - COIX LACHRYMA-JOBI (JOBS'TEARS).
Q09071 AVENIN PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) (CLONE PAV10) - AVENA SATIVA (OAT).
Q09072 AVENIN PRECURSOR (PROLAMIN) (CLONE PAV122) - AVENA SATIVA (OAT).
Q09114 AVENIN N9 (PROLAMIN) - AVENA SATIVA (OAT).
Q38794 SEED STORAGE PROTEIN - AVENA SATIVA (OAT).
Q40021 B1 HORDEIN - HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY).
Q40026 B HORDEIN PRECURSOR - HORDEUM VULGARE (BARLEY).
Q40714 PROLAMIN PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
Q41295 ENDOSPERM TISSUE PRECURSOR - SORGHUM BICOLOR MILO (SORGHUM).
Q41506 GAMMA-KAFIRIN PREPROTEIN PRECURSOR - SORGHUM VULGARE (SORGHUM).
Q41509 ALPHA-GLIADIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41528 ALPHA-GLIADIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41529 ALPHA-GLIADIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41530 ALPHA-GLIADIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41531 ALPHA-GLIADIN STORAGE PROTEIN - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41545 (T. AESTIVUM) ALPHA-TYPE GLIADIN PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41546 ALPHA/BETA-GLIADIN STORAGE PROTEIN PRECURSOR - TRITICUM AESTIVUM (WHEAT).
Q41632 ALPHA/BETA-TYPE GLIADIN - TRITICUM URARTU.
Q42398 13 KD PROLAMIN PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
ZEB2_MAIZE ZEIN-BETA PRECURSOR (ZEIN 2) (16 KD) (ZEIN ZC1) - ZEA MAYS (MAIZE).
P93413 PROLAMIN - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
PRO4_ORYSA PROLAMIN PPROL 4A PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
PRO6_ORYSA PROLAMIN PPROL 14 PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
Q43603 PROLAMIN PRECURSOR - ORYZA SATIVA (RICE).
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