| Literature References | 1. KAYE, F., BATTEY, Y., NAU, M., BROOKS, B., SEIFTER, E., DEGREVE, J.,
BIRRER, M., SAUSVILLE, E. AND MINNA, J.
Structure and expression of the human L-myc gene reveal a complex pattern
of alternative messenger RNA processing.
MOL.CELL.BIOL. 8(1) 186-195 (1988).
2. STEWART, M.A., FORREST, D., MCFARLANE, R., ONIONS, D., WILKIE, N. AND
NEIL, J.C.
Conservation of the C-myc coding sequence in transduced feline v-myc genes.
VIROLOGY 154(1) 121-134 (1986).
3. COLLUM, R.G., CLAYTON, D.F. AND ALT, F.W.
Structure and expression of canary myc family genes.
MOL.CELL.BIOL. 11(3) 1770-1776 (1991).
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| Documentation | The myc oncogene gene was first discovered in small-cell lung cancer cell
lines where it is found to be deregulated [1]. Although the biochemical
function of the gene product is unknown, as a nuclear protein with a
short half-life it may play a direct or indirect role in controlling gene
expression [2]. Three types of gene product have been identified, C-myc,
L-myc and N-myc, C-myc being widely distributed and L-myc being expressed
selectively in foetal lung, brain and kidney, and in adult lung. Temporal
and cell-specific expression of L-myc and N-myc is important in mammalian
development [2]. The myc gene product is found in high concentrations in
mammalian embryos, suggesting a role in embryogenesis. Sequence analysis
of N-myc has revealed 9 conserved regions with divergent intervening
sequences [3], 2 of the conserved motifs being specific to N-myc.
The myc oncogenes belong to a family of eukaryotic sequence-specific DNA-
binding proteins that share a conserved domain of around 50-60 amino acids.
This domain is thought to form a `helix-loop-helix' motif, in which 2
amphipathic helices are joined by a variable length linker. This putative
DNA-binding domain is immediately preceded by a short leucine zipper.
The `leucine zipper' is a structure that is believed to mediate the
function of several eukaryotic gene regulatory proteins. The zipper
consists of a periodic repetition of leucine residues at every seventh
position, and regions containing them appear to span 8 turns of alpha-
helix. The leucine side chains that extend from one helix interact with
those from a similar helix, hence facilitating dimerisation in the form
of a coiled-coil. Leucine zippers are present in many gene regulatory
proteins, including the CREB proteins, Jun/AP1 transcription factors,
fos oncogene and fos-related proteins, C-myc, L-myc and N-myc oncogenes,
and so on.
LEUZIPPRMYC is a 6-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
leucine zipper and putative helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domains of myc
transforming proteins. The fingerprint was derived from an initial
alignment of 6 sequences: motif 5 encodes the leucine zipper region, while
motif 6 spans the helix-loop-helix domain (cf. PROSITE patterns LEUCINE_
ZIPPER (PS00029) and HELIX_LOOP_HELIX (PS00038)). Two iterations on OWL19.1
were required to reach convergence, at which point a true set comprising
40 sequences was identified. Six partial matches were also found: 4 of
these are myc proto-oncogene protein fragments; the other 2 are much
shorter, related sequences (MAX_HUMAN and MYN_MOUSE) that match motifs
5 and 6.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 45 sequences, and 12
partial matches.
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| Sequence Titles | MYC1_CYPCA MYC I PROTEIN (C-MYC I) - CYPRINUS CARPIO (COMMON CARP).
MYC1_XENLA MYC I PROTEIN (C-MYC I) - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
MYC2_CYPCA MYC II PROTEIN (C-MYC II) - CYPRINUS CARPIO (COMMON CARP).
MYC2_MARMO N-MYC 2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - MARMOTA MONAX (WOODCHUCK).
MYC2_SPEBE N-MYC 2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - SPERMOPHILUS BEECHEYI (BEECHEY GROUND SQUIRREL).
MYC2_XENLA MYC II PROTEIN (C-MYC II) - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
MYCL_HUMAN L-MYC-1 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
MYCL_MOUSE L-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
MYCL_XENLA L-MYC 1 PROTEIN - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
MYCM_HUMAN L-MYC-2 PROTEIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
MYCM_XENLA L-MYC 2 PROTEIN - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
MYCN_CHICK N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
MYCN_HUMAN N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
MYCN_MARMO N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (N-MYC1) - MARMOTA MONAX (WOODCHUCK).
MYCN_MOUSE N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
MYCN_RAT N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
MYCN_SERCA N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - SERINUS CANARIA (CANARY).
MYCN_XENLA N-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
MYCS_RAT S-MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
MYC_AVIM2 MYC TRANSFORMING PROTEIN - AVIAN MYELOCYTOMATOSIS VIRUS CMII.
MYC_AVIMC MYC TRANSFORMING PROTEIN - AVIAN MYELOCYTOMATOSIS VIRUS MC29.
MYC_AVIMD MYC TRANSFORMING PROTEIN - AVIAN MYELOCYTOMATOSIS VIRUS HBI.
MYC_AVIME MYC TRANSFORMING PROTEIN - AVIAN RETROVIRUS MH2E21.
MYC_AVIOK MYC TRANSFORMING PROTEIN - AVIAN RETROVIRUS OK10.
MYC_BRARE MYC PROTEIN (C-MYC) - BRACHYDANIO RERIO (ZEBRAFISH) (ZEBRA DANIO).
MYC_CALJA MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - CALLITHRIX JACCHUS (COMMON MARMOSET).
MYC_CANFA MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - CANIS FAMILIARIS (DOG).
MYC_CARAU MYC PROTEIN (C-MYC) - CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH).
MYC_CHICK MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
MYC_FELCA MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - FELIS SILVESTRIS CATUS (CAT), AND FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS.
MYC_FLVTT MYC TRANSFORMING PROTEIN - FELINE LEUKEMIA PROVIRUS FTT.
MYC_HUMAN MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
MYC_HYLLA MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - HYLOBATES LAR (COMMON GIBBON).
MYC_MARMO MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - MARMOTA MONAX (WOODCHUCK).
MYC_MOUSE MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
MYC_PANTR MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - PAN TROGLODYTES (CHIMPANZEE).
MYC_PIG MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - SUS SCROFA (PIG).
MYC_RAT MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
MYC_SHEEP MYC PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN (C-MYC) - OVIS ARIES (SHEEP).
O43372 PAC CLONE DJ0320J15 FROM XQ23, COMPLETE SEQUENCE - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
O56221 P110 - AVIAN MYELOCYTOMATOSIS VIRUS.
Q85456 AVIAN PROVIRAL RETROVIRUS MYC PROTEIN - AVIAN CARCINOMA VIRUS.
Q85523 V-MYC GENE - FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS.
Q91421 MYC HOMOLOG - ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS (RAINBOW TROUT) (SALMO GAIRDNERI).
Q98927 AVIAN MYELOCYTOMATOSIS VIRUS MC29 (PROVIRAL), COMPLETE P96 POLYPROTEIN CODING SEQUENCE AND 5' LTR - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
Q26649 MYC PROTEIN - STRONGYLOCENTROTUS PURPURATUS (PURPLE SEA URCHIN).
Q67004 MYC MUTANT (V-MYC) - FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS.
MAX_BRARE MAX PROTEIN - BRACHYDANIO RERIO (ZEBRAFISH) (ZEBRA DANIO).
MAX_CHICK MAX PROTEIN - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN).
MAX_HUMAN MAX PROTEIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN), AND FELIS SILVESTRIS CATUS (CAT).
MAX_MOUSE MAX PROTEIN (MYN PROTEIN) (MYC-BINDING NOVEL HLH/LZ PROTEIN) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE).
MAX_RAT MAX PROTEIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT).
MAX_XENLA MAX PROTEIN (XMAX) - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG).
P91664 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DMAX - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY).
Q14803 MAX GENE - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
Q14897 L-MYC PROTEIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
Q14900 TRUNCATED C-MYC-P64 PROTEIN - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
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