Literature References | 1. HAYASHIDA, M., MAITA, T., AND MATSUDA, G.
The primary structure of skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain. Sequence of
the amino-terminal 23kDa fragment.
J.BIOCHEM.(TOKYO) 110(1) 54-59 (1991).
2. ELLER, M.S., STEDMAN, H.H., SYLVESTER, J.E., FERTELS, S.H., WU, Q.L.,
RAYCHOWDHURY, M.K., RUBINSTEIN, N.A., KELLY, A.M. AND SARKAR, S.
Human embryonic myosin heavy chain cDNA - Interspecies sequence
conservation of the myosin rod, chromosomal locus and isoform specific
transcription of the gene.
FEBS LETT. 256(1) 21-28 (1989).
3. WARRICK, H.M., DE LOZANNE, A., LEINWAND, L.A. AND SPUDICH, J.A.
Conserved protein domains in a myosin heavy chain gene from Dictyostelium
discoideum.
PROC.NATL.ACAD.SCI.U.S.A. 83 9433-9437 (1986).
4. RAYMENT, I., RYPNIEWSKI, W.R., SCHMIDT-BASE, K., SMITH, R.,
TOMCHICK, D.R., BENNING, M.M., WINKELMANN, D.A., WESENBERG, G. AND
HOLDEN, H.M.
Three-dimensional structure of myosin subfragment-1: a molecular motor.
SCIENCE 261 51-58 (1993).
5. RAYMENT, I., HOLDEN, H.M., WHITTAKER, M., YOHN, C.B., LORENZ, M.,
HOLMES, K.C. AND MILLIGAN, R.A.
Structure of the actin-myosin complex and its implications for muscle
contraction.
SCIENCE 261 58-65 (1993).
6. KARN, J., BRENNER, S. AND BARNETT, L.
Protein structural domains in the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-54 myosin
heavy chain are not separated by introns.
PROC.NATL.ACAD.SCI.U.S.A. 80(14) 4253-4257 (1983).
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Documentation | Muscle contraction is caused by sliding between the thick and thin
filaments of the myofibril. Myosin is a major component of thick filaments
and exists as a hexamer of 2 heavy chains [1], 2 alkali light chains, and
2 regulatory light chains. The heavy chain can be subdivided into the
N-terminal globular head and the C-terminal coiled-coil rod-like tail,
although some forms have a globular region in their C-terminal. There are
many cell-specific isoforms of myosin heavy chains, coded for by a multi-
gene family [2]. Myosin interacts with actin to convert chemical energy, in
the form of ATP, to mechanical energy [3]. The 3-D structure of the head
portion of myosin has been determined [4] and a model for actin-myosin
complex has been constructed [5].
The globular head is well conserved, some highly-conserved regions possibly
relating to functional and structural domains [6]. The rod-like tail starts
with an invariant proline residue, and contains many repeats of a 28
residue region, interrupted at 4 regularly-spaced points known as skip
residues. Although the sequence of the tail is not well conserved, the
chemical character is, hydrophobic, charged and skip residues occuring
in a highly ordered and repeated fashion [6].
MYOSINHEAVY is a 5-element fingerprint that provides a signature for the
myosin heavy chain. The fingerprint was derived from an initial alignment
of 8 sequences: the motifs were drawn from highly conserved regions in the
globular head region. Three iterations on OWL20.0 were required to reach
convergence, at which point a true set comprising 57 sequences was
identified. Several partial matches were also found: these include myosin
fragments and 3 ninaC proteins, which are required for photoreceptor cell
function in fruit fly and are similar to the myosin heavy chain head region.
An update on SPTR37_9f identified a true set of 133 sequences, and 7
partial matches.
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Sequence Titles | MY1A_MOUSE MYOSIN I ALPHA (MMI-ALPHA) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). MY5A_MOUSE DILUTE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NON-MUSCLE (MYOSIN 5A) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). MYS1_YEAST MYOSIN-1 ISOFORM (TYPE II MYOSIN) - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). MYS2_DICDI MYOSIN II HEAVY CHAIN, NON MUSCLE - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYS2_YEAST MYOSIN-2 ISOFORM - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). MYS3_YEAST MYOSIN-3 ISOFORM - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). MYS4_YEAST MYOSIN-4 ISOFORM - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). MYS9_DROME MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 95F (95F MHC) - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). MYSA_CAEEL MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN A (MHC A) - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. MYSA_DICDI MYOSIN IA HEAVY CHAIN (MYOSIN-LIKE PROTEIN ABMA) - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYSA_DROME MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, MUSCLE - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). MYSA_HUMAN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE ALPHA ISOFORM - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). MYSA_MESAU MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE ALPHA ISOFORM - MESOCRICETUS AURATUS (GOLDEN HAMSTER). MYSA_MOUSE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE ALPHA ISOFORM - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). MYSA_RAT MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE ALPHA ISOFORM - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). MYSB_ACACA MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN IB (MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN IL) - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). MYSB_CAEEL MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN B (MHC B) - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. MYSB_DICDI MYOSIN IB HEAVY CHAIN - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYSB_HUMAN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE BETA ISOFORM - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). MYSB_MESAU MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE BETA ISOFORM - MESOCRICETUS AURATUS (GOLDEN HAMSTER). MYSB_PIG MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE BETA ISOFORM - SUS SCROFA (PIG). MYSB_RAT MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, CARDIAC MUSCLE BETA ISOFORM - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). MYSC_ACACA MYOSIN IC HEAVY CHAIN - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). MYSC_CAEEL MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN C (MHC C) - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. MYSC_DICDI MYOSIN IC HEAVY CHAIN - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYSD_CAEEL MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN D (MHC D) - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. MYSD_CHICK DILUTE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, ISOFORM I (MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN P190) (MYOSIN-V) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). MYSD_DICDI MYOSIN ID HEAVY CHAIN - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYSE_CHICK MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, FAST SKELETAL MUSCLE, EMBRYONIC - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). MYSE_DICDI MYOSIN IE HEAVY CHAIN - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYSE_HUMAN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, FAST SKELETAL MUSCLE, EMBRYONIC (MUSCLE EMBRYONIC MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN) (SMHCE) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). MYSE_RAT MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, FAST SKELETAL MUSCLE, EMBRYONIC - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). MYSG_CHICK MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, GIZZARD SMOOTH MUSCLE - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). MYSH_ACACA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT FORM OF MYOSIN I (HMWMI) - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). MYSH_BOVIN MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN-LIKE PROTEIN (MIHC) (BRUSH BORDER MYOSIN I) (BBMI) - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE). MYSJ_DICDI MYOSIN IJ HEAVY CHAIN - DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM (SLIME MOLD). MYSN_ACACA MYOSIN II HEAVY CHAIN, NON MUSCLE - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). MYSN_CHICK MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NONMUSCLE (CELLULAR MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN) (NMMHC) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). MYSN_DROME MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NON-MUSCLE (ZIPPER PROTEIN) (MYOSIN II) - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). MYSN_HUMAN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NONMUSCLE TYPE A (CELLULAR MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, TYPE A) (NMMHC-A) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). MYSO_HUMAN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NONMUSCLE TYPE B (CELLULAR MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, TYPE B) (NMMHC-B) - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). MYSP_HUMAN MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, PERINATAL SKELETAL MUSCLE - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). MYSS_CHICK MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, SKELETAL MUSCLE, ADULT - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). MYST_RABIT MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, SMOOTH MUSCLE ISOFORM (SMMHC) - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT). MYS_AEQIR MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, STRIATED MUSCLE - AEQUIPECTEN IRRADIANS (BAY SCALLOP). O00159 MYOSIN I BETA - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). O00851 UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN IB - ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. O02244 UNC-54 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. O04145 MYOSIN - ACETABULARIA CLIFTONII. O04146 MYOSIN - ACETABULARIA CLIFTONII. O08638 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 11, SMOOTH MUSCLE - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). O08639 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 11, SMOOTH MUSCLE - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). O08834 MYOSIN IC (MYOSIN I BETA) - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). O13228 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). O14157 MYOSIN-3 ISOFORM, HEAVY CHAIN (TYPE II MYOSIN) - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O23025 T1G11.15 PROTEIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). O24515 UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER). O24517 UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER). O24518 UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER). O42352 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - CYPRINUS CARPIO (COMMON CARP). O42730 MYOSIN-II - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O44934 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN ISOFORM A - LOLIGO PEALEII (LONGFIN SQUID). O49311 PUTATIVE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). O50004 UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS (COMMON SUNFLOWER). O61080 MYOSIN IC HEAVY CHAIN - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). O62244 F45G2.2 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. O64491 F20D22.7 PROTEIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). O64671 F22O13.22 - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). O74805 MYOSIN-2 ISOFORM - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). O77202 MYOSIN-IA - ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (AMOEBA). O81486 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII. O81840 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - LIKE PROTEIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). O93522 NONMUSCLE MYOSIN II HEAVY CHAIN A - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG). P70244 MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). P70248 MYOSIN IF - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). P70569 MYOSIN VB (MYR 6 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN) - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). P78969 MYOSIN II - SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE (FISSION YEAST). P79114 MYOSIN X - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE). P91443 SIMILAR TO MYOSIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. P97479 MYOSIN VIIA - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). Q00647 MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN - EMERICELLA NIDULANS (ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS). Q02015 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NON-MUSCLE B, B1, B2, AND B1/B2 ISOFORMS (MHC-B, MHC-B(B1), MHC-B(B2), MHC-B(B1/B2)) - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). Q02456 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (BLOOD FLUKE). Q04009 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - BRUGIA MALAYI. Q04010 MAJOR BODY WALL MYOSIN (MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN) - ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS. Q04834 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, NONMUSCLE TYPE B (CELLULAR MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, TYPE B) (NMMHC-B) - XENOPUS LAEVIS (AFRICAN CLAWED FROG). Q05096 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 1 - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q07569 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. Q12965 MYOSIN-IC - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). Q13402 MYOSIN VIIA - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). Q13459 MYOSIN-IXB - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). Q17042 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - AEQUIPECTEN IRRADIANS (BAY SCALLOP). Q17383 HUM-2 - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q19037 SIMILARITY TO DILUTE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q19658 F20G4.3 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q19674 MYO-1 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q19901 HUM-4 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q20439 MYO-1 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q20641 COSMID F52B10 - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q21000 SIMILARITY TO C. ELEGANS MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN B - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q21440 MYO-3 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q22869 NON-MUSCLE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN II - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q23978 MYOSIN-IA - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). Q23979 MYOSIN-IB (MYOSIN IB PRECURSOR) - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). Q25142 EMBRYONIC MUSCLE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - HALOCYNTHIA RORETZI (SEA SQUIRT). Q26079 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS (SEA SCALLOP). Q26080 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS (SEA SCALLOP). Q27328 HUM-5 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. Q27966 MYOSIN I - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE). Q28138 MYOSIN IB - BOS TAURUS (BOVINE). Q28641 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (RABBIT). Q29122 UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN - SUS SCROFA (PIG). Q39158 MYOSIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). Q39160 MYOSIN - ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (MOUSE-EAR CRESS). Q62812 NONMUSCLE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN-A - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q63355 MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q63356 MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q63357 MYOSIN I - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q63358 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q63731 NEURONAL MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - RATTUS NORVEGICUS (RAT). Q64331 MYOSIN VI - MUS MUSCULUS (MOUSE). Q90337 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN - CYPRINUS CARPIO (COMMON CARP). Q90339 MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN, FAST SKELETAL MUSCLE - CYPRINUS CARPIO (COMMON CARP). Q90573 BRUSH BORDER MYOSIN I HEAVY CHAIN - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). Q90748 BRUSH BORDER MYOSIN IB - GALLUS GALLUS (CHICKEN). Q91973 SLOW MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 3 - COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA (JAPANESE QUAIL). Q92002 MYOSIN I BETA - RANA CATESBEIANA (BULL FROG). Q92821 MYOSIN VIIA - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). Q92822 MYOSIN VIIA - HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN). Q94882 DILUTE CLASS UNCONVENTIONAL MYOSIN - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). Q94987 NONMUSCLE MYOSIN-II HEAVY CHAIN - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). Q94992 NONMUSCLE MYOSIN-II HEAVY CHAIN - DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (FRUIT FLY). YMZ9_YEAST HYPOTHETICAL MYOSIN-LIKE PROTEIN IN ILV2-ADE17 INTERGENIC REGION - SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE (BAKER'S YEAST). O00934 MYOSIN-A - TOXOPLASMA GONDII. O00935 MYOSIN-B - TOXOPLASMA GONDII. O00936 MYOSIN-C - TOXOPLASMA GONDII. O61702 MYOSIN III - LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS (ATLANTIC HORSESHOE CRAB). O61776 F56A6.2 PROTEIN - CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.
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